Although no two organisms decompose in the same way, they all undergo the same sequential stages of decomposition. Organisms that do this are known as decomposers. Animals, such as worms, also help decompose the organic materials.
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Bodies of living organisms begin to decompose shortly after death. The process is a part of the nutrient cycle and is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biosphere. For further information, please contact the cited source.Decomposition is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. This article has been republished from the following materials. Green oxygen power plants in the brain rescue neuronal activity.
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Özugur S, Chávez MN, Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Kunz L, Nickelsen J, Straka H. Since the intensity, duration and spectrum of light can be controlled with great precision, the method could also provide new approaches to the investigation of the role of oxygen in metabolic processes. So it’s conceivable that their metabolic pathways could be exploited to synthesize nutrients as well,” says Straka. “Furthermore, photosynthetic organisms produce not only oxygen, but also sugars, for example. They could, for example, be used to enhance oxygen levels in cell cultures, in explanted organs or in brain slices. So, the oxygen generated by photosynthesis is indeed utilized to rescue neuronal activity.”Īccording to the authors, these proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate that unicellular photosynthetic micro-organisms could serve as a novel means of boosting the supply of oxygen to tissues in a controlled fashion. “When the light was turned on again, the micro-organisms generated oxygen, and the neurons restarted firing.
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“Conversely, in an oxygen-poor medium, nerve-cell activity came to a complete halt in darkness,” says Straka. After isolation, when the brains were exposed to light, measurements of oxygen levels in the ventricles of the tadpole brain revealed that substantial amounts of oxygen were indeed being produced. The researchers introduced photosynthetic micro-organisms – unicellular green algae and cyanobacteria – into the blood vessels of tadpoles of the clawed frog Xenopus laevis, an established experimental model. Their findings appear in the journal iScience. A research group led by LMU neurobiologist Hans Straka and LMU molecular plant scientist Jörg Nickelsen has now shown that photosynthetic micro-organisms can be used to directly provide the brain with oxygen. On the other hand, photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, are capable of producing it themselves, using sunlight as an energy source. Animals must obtain their oxygen from the environment. Most of the energy required to perform these tasks is generated by aerobic metabolism – which explains why the brain depends on the constant supply of adequate amounts of oxygen. Nerve cells in the brain must process large amounts of signals every second. Neurobiologists from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have shown that photosynthetic micro-organisms can be used as a source of oxygen for nerve cells.